前幾天講過如何用 type 1 和 type 2 conditional sentences 。如果已經忘記了,請先複習一下:
Type 1: http://grammarfun101.blogspot.com/2011/08/conditional-sentences.html
Type 2: http://grammarfun101.blogspot.com/2011/08/conditional-sentences-type-2.html
先看看一些 type 3 的句子:
If you had told me that you were coming, I would have picked you up at the airport.
If I had had her phone number, I would have given her a call.
If you had seen him, you would have fallen for him.
If he had warned me, I would have been more careful.
在 conditional sentences type 3 中,if-clause 裡的動詞是過去完成式 (past perfect tense),而 main clause 的動詞是條件完成式 (perfect conditional)。[note: perfect conditional = would/should + present perfect tense]
Type 3 conditional sentences 所表達的時態是過去的,而條件不能實現,因為 if-clause 內所提及的事或行動跟本沒有發生。它就有如我們中文的:如果我當初什麼什麼,我就會(或不會)什麼什麼。
再看看上面的例句:
If you had told me that you were coming, I would have picked you up at the airport. (But you didn't tell me, so I didn't pick you up.)
If I had had her phone number, I would have given her a call. (But I didn't have it, so I didn't give her a call.)
If you had seen him, you would have fallen for him. (But you didn't see him.)
If he had warned me, I would have been more careful. (But you didn't warn me.)
如果我是 Bosco,我可能會說:
If I had known that there were paparazzi outside, I would have drawn the curtains.
如果我是 Edison,我可能會說:
If I had known that people could gain access to those photos on my hard drive, I wouldn't have taken them in the first place.
請留意,在以上的句子中,如果以 had 作為句子開頭,if 可以刪去:
If you had told me that you were coming, I would have picked you up at the airport.
可以改寫成:
Had you told me that you were coming, I would have picked you up at the airport.
If you had seen him, you would have fallen for him.
可以改寫成:
Had you seen him, you would have fallen for him.
還有,我們可以用 could 或 might 去取代 would 這個字:
If we had found them earlier, we could have saved their lives.
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